Diabetes Management

🩺 Diabetes Management: Key Drugs & Insulins in India

🔹 Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus India mein sabse common chronic disease ban chuki hai, jise aksar “diabetes capital of the world” bhi kaha jaata hai. Proper sugar control ke liye doctors use karte hain Insulin therapy aur Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs).

Is article mein hum important molecules, unke brand examples aur unka role samjhenge jo diabetes management mein commonly use hote hain.

🔹 (A) Insulins

1. Rapid-Acting Insulins

  • Examples:
    • Insulin Lispro → Humalog
    • Insulin Aspart → NovoRapid
  • Use: Meal-time (postprandial sugar control), emergency hyperglycemia

2. Short-Acting Insulin

  • Examples:
    • Regular Insulin → Humulin R, Actrapid
  • Use: DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis), hospital setting, pre-meal injection

3. Intermediate-Acting Insulin

  • Examples:
    • NPH Insulin → Insulatard, Humulin N
  • Use: Basal insulin support, often combined with short-acting

4. Long-Acting / Basal Insulin

  • Examples:
    • Insulin Glargine → Lantus, Basalog
    • Insulin Detemir → Levemir
    • Insulin Degludec → Tresiba
  • Use: Once daily basal control, preferred for stable sugar levels

🔹 (B) Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs)

1. Metformin (First-Line Drug)

  • Brands: Glycomet, Gluformin
  • Mechanism: Improves insulin sensitivity, decreases hepatic glucose output
  • Benefit: Weight neutral, safe in most patients

2. Sulfonylureas

  • Examples / Brands:
    • Glimepiride → Amaryl, Glimel
    • Glibenclamide → Glibenese
  • Use: Increases insulin secretion
  • Caution: Risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain

3. DPP-4 Inhibitors

  • Examples / Brands:
    • Sitagliptin → Januvia, Sitagliptin-Cipla
    • Vildagliptin → Galvus, Vildagliptin-Zydus
  • Benefit: Weight neutral, low risk of hypoglycemia
  • Use: Widely prescribed as add-on therapy

4. SGLT2 Inhibitors

  • Examples / Brands:
    • Dapagliflozin → Forxiga (Forziga in India)
    • Empagliflozin → Jardiance
  • Benefit: Reduces sugar + cardiac and renal protection
  • Use: Increasingly popular in both diabetes & heart failure patients

5. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (Injectables)

  • Examples / Brands:
    • Liraglutide → Victoza
    • Semaglutide → Ozempic
  • Benefit: Weight loss, excellent sugar control
  • Use: Type 2 diabetes with obesity / cardiovascular risk

📝 Conclusion

Diabetes management mein Insulin therapy + Oral Antidiabetics dono hi critical role play karte hain.

  • Metformin → First-line choice
  • SGLT2 inhibitors & GLP-1 analogues → Modern drugs with heart & kidney benefits
  • Insulins → Essential for Type 1 diabetes and uncontrolled cases

Doctors patient ki sugar profile, lifestyle aur comorbidities dekh kar therapy customize karte hain.

⚠️ Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Patients must consult their doctor before starting or changing any medication.

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